Employee Relations System in Singapore and Eire Essay - 1

Employee Relations System in Singapore and Eire - Essay Example In fact, both are facing similar issues associated with employment relations such as heavily dependent on foreign workers, have a chronic ageing work force, the country is outsourcing its labor intensive industries to another country, and privatization of public companies. The influx of low wage and low skilled workers causes a differentiation between high and low wages, and skilled and non-skilled labors. As both countries are heavily depending on foreign workers, the government has to decide to impose levy and quota to constraint the growth of the foreign workers and hence to improve the chance of local citizens to obtain employment, and to extend the retirement age decision. Some people may consider older workers are less productive and cost more to keep them but at the same time, companies are hiring less educated and less skilled workers then send them for retraining and upgrading the non-skillable workers and hence, the notion of cost effectiveness becomes more expensive. Employee relations have an impact on the employees' health. ... This may be the result of poor hygiene or personal uncleanliness, as Cabill & Co. report that "where there is toleration, and complacency, instead of disgust for appalling hygienic shortcomings, then in any campaign - such as that which is so urgently necessary to create presentable disease" (p. 326). Both Eire and Singapore's strategic employment relations is based on the industrial model were modernized or transformed to those of the American's in the early 1980s. however, its strategic choice model that represents a paradigm shift is a strategic quality choice and a choice that is built on system theory of Parson (in Legett) and Dunlop (ibid). They go through different employment strategic methods, which are transformed from colonial administration to regulated pluralism that is started from 1959 to 1967, from regulated pluralism to corporation that last from 1968 to 1978, "economic success had brought Singapore a tight labor market and anxiety about being caught in the low wage trap" (Legett, 2005, p. 380). From corporation to corporate paternalism between 1979 and 1986, and from corporate paternalism to manpower planning - which is currently being applied to the employment system. Under the colonial regime, trade unions that were actively involved in employee and industrial relations were regulated by the unions. Under regulated pluralism, both industrial and employee relations and their conditions were regulated and bonded by the laws. This change is an effort to cultivate trade unions loyalty toward political parties and at the same time, it reduces the growth of trade unions. Under corporatism, government places legal constraints on collective bargaining and trade unions become partners to political parties in terms of labor negotiation between the

The Pros and Cons of Employee Drug Testing Essay Example for Free

The Pros and Cons of Employee Drug Testing Essay Drug abuse in the workspace is a popular, global problem if we believe in an American research study done by William F. Current. He quotes, that 75% of all drug addicts who are older then 18 years work within an organization. Again, 75 % of them consume drugs at work. He assumes, that if you test everybody from the working society between 18 and 40 years of age, 25% would be drug positive. The Chicago association of commerce and industry, has an even more dramatic view on that topic. They say that 93% of all organizations have problems with drug addicted em-ployees. The American National Institute of Drug abuse says that one out of five employees be-tween the age of 18 to 24 has drug problems and one out of eight people between the age of 26 and 35.Lower achievement and accidents is the direct cause of drug abuse. Most of the time, in fact 80% of the accidents caused by drug abuse the people who get harmed are not doing drugs. 2. Signs of Drug abuse in the workplaceWe are able to classify the sings of drug abuse into five different categories:1.Efficiency is not reached anymore, for instance: a lot of mistakes, neglectfulness, low work quality, lack of concentration, tiredness, unable to do dispositions. 2.Reduced attention and absence, for instance: not showing off for work, arriving late very often, often absent on Mondays and after holidays, long lunch-brakes etc. 3.Attitude and physiological appearance, for instance: apathetic behavior against rules and regulations, unattended appearance and hygiene, sleazy work, bloodshot and watery eyes etc. 4.Health and Security, for example: often involved in accidents, disinterest against safety rules, disregardful use of dangerous machines etc. 5.Problems within the family, for example: marriage issues, divorce, money problems, bankruptcy. Consequences of Drug abuse in the WorkplaceDrug abuse, is not only harming the addict himself, its also harming the colleagues, the organization and the industry!Consequences for the consumer:•slow reaction•bad motor function•bad cooperation with colleagues•reduction of the brain work•cause of accidents and injury•higher disease sensitivity•smaller gains•less possibilities to move the career•unemploymentConsequences for the colleagues:•bad working atmosphere•low employee morale•more misunderstandings and disputes•more accidents and injuriesFor the organization:•bad product and service quality•more product mistakes•unsatisfied costumers•inefficiency•higher absenteeism•lower productivity•worse working conditions•burglary•higher employee turnoverFor the Industry:•lower productivity•worse service•scarceness of assets and liabilities•higher pricesFive steps to set up Anti Drug Programs in companiesIn the past years, drug testing became more and more normal within american compa-nies. Already 98% out of the 200 biggest US-companies use drug tests. To do Drug tests in companies, you have to look at these five points:1. The Anti-Drug Policy of the company has to be clear and easy to understand in a written form•The company has to inform employees and former employees about the strict prohibi-tion of drugs in the company•The organization has to explain the reasons for this embargo (security, health, trust-worthiness etc.)•The Company has to inform its employees about the consequences if this rule is not respected2. A special training for the supervisors of some compartments•These are the people who have to be suspicious about drug abuse3. All employees have to be aware of the seriousness of the anti drug rules in the company4.Implementation of Programs to help employees with their problems before they start using drugs5.Implementation of a drug test  programAssumptions to accomplish employee drug testingThe European Union supports drug testing in companies since 1996/1997. The EU recommend to take a look at the following points:•the probation has to be retraceable and the privacy of the donator has to be assured•the cut-off levels for drug screening and confirmatory tests has to be defined•a positive screening test, has to be assured by an official laboratory•permanent training for the test performing employees•external quality assurance and accreditationThe Pros of Drug testing on employeesTest of Job candidate:One of the most used form is the testing of a new candidate for a job. Like this, the company is able to avoid drug problems from the beginning!Test of Security sensitive jobs:President Bush, singed in 1991 the so called Omnibus contract, which allows companies who are in the aircraft,bus and other public transport to test their employees without further knowledge. This, of course is the absolute correct way of doing it. A second highly security sensitive job, is the military,! Here, everyone who wants to work with the military has to get tested. Testing by suspicion:Here, the addicted person, gets tested because colleagues are suspicious and tell it to the supervisor. Like this the necessary actions can be taken immediately after a positive out-come. Testing after an accident:The drug test after an accident is made if there was an accident where machinery or people of a company got hurt. This, then can be used in the court to find out if someone is guilty or not. Non- announced random tests:Other then the tests by suspicion, are the people who get tested selected randomly.Sometimes even a computer is taking the action of selecting. Continuous announced tests:This, is the first form of a drug test in the workspace. In some companies, the yearly drug test is as mandatory as the yearly health check. Cut-off testing:More unusual is this sort of testing, where only the people of a certain compartment get tested. Tests after Rehabilitation:It is absolutely necessary to test people, who got caught once and came back from Rehab. Like this you can find out if the employee is still clean. Testing because of public adjustment:Drug testing again in high-sensitive jobs, but adjusted by the government. Good, because like this mistakes are rarer. Testing before advancement:Some companies, make an advancement dependent on an foregoing negative drug test. Very goo, because this keeps a lot of people away from drugs for sure. Tests in the upper management. Drug-testing of the upper management happens mostly shortly before the whole branch or company is getting tested, like this there are no rumors about fairness of the testing because everybody has to take it. CONCLUSION: Drug-testing is a very important and necessary thing within a company. I dont think that we can find anything that really is a contra on employee drug-testing. The cons of drug testing on employeesAs you can hear from my upper conclusion, i cant really think of anything that really is a hitting argument against drug-testing. Except the fact maybe that if you start testing your employees, then you show them that you dont really trust them. This can end up, so the people within the organization are not as motivated anymore. Of course, compared with the stress that you dont have if you fire all your drug-using employees this one fact is nothing. Eventually, it is the case that everybody has to decide individually what he or she does. But on the other hand, is our society based on a very tight working network.  So if some people come tint the danger of drug using and the harms have to be paid by the society then its is not only an individual problem anymore. BIBLIOGRAPHY www.wikipedia.comwww.roche.comwww.google.dewww.drogentest.dewww.drogen-heute.com

Arc-Surface Intersection Method

Arc-Surface Intersection Method

Excretion And Elimination Of Toxicants And Their Metabolites :: essays research papers

Excretion and Elimination of Toxicants and their Metabolites The first topic that was covered by this chapter was the excretion of wastes by the Renal system. The first step that occurs in the kidney deals with the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. In the glomerulus the formation of urine begins with the passive filtration of plasma through the pores that are found in the glomerulus. The plasma is forced through these pores by hydrostatic pressure. The only things that determines if a molecule will pass through the pores of the glomerulus is it's molecular weight. The lower the molecular weight, the easier it will pass through the pores. Another determining factor will be if a molecule is bound to a large molecule. If this is true then passage through the pores will be hindered by the size of the larger molecule. Reabsorbtion of the many ions, minerals and other nutrients that escaped in the glomerular filtrate will need to be recovered.. Reabsorbtion begins in the tubules of the nephron. Anywhere from 65% to 90% of reabsorbtion occurs in these structures. Active reabsortion is used to recapture glucose, proteins, amino acids and other nutrients. Water and chloride ions are passively reabsorbed by the establishment of osmotic and electrochemical gradients. Both the Loop of Henley and collecting duct are used to establish these osmolar gradients. The tubule has a brush border that will absorb proteins and polypeptides through pinocytosis. These molecules are sometimes catabolised and converted into amino acids. and returned to the blood. Sometimes the accumulation of these proteins can lead to renal toxicity A second process that occurs in the tubules is tubular secretion. This is another mechanism used to excrete solutes. Secretion may be either passive or active. Secretions include organic bases, which occur in the pars recta of the proximal tubule. Secretions of weak bases and two weak acids occur passively. Other mechanisms involves the use of a mechanism that is called ion trapping. At a certain pH the compounds are more ionized. Outside of the tubule these compounds are non-ionized and are lipophilic. Thus they are able to diffuse across the membranes of the tubule. Once inside, the pH of the tubule will ionize them and render then unable to pass across the cell membranes. The removal of xenobiotics is dependant on many factors. First is the polarity of the xenobiotic. Polar compounds are soluble in the plasma water are more easily removed by the kidneys through the use of glomerular filtration. The faster the rate of glomerular filtration , the faster the polar xenobiotics are Excretion And Elimination Of Toxicants And Their Metabolites :: essays research papers Excretion and Elimination of Toxicants and their Metabolites The first topic that was covered by this chapter was the excretion of wastes by the Renal system. The first step that occurs in the kidney deals with the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. In the glomerulus the formation of urine begins with the passive filtration of plasma through the pores that are found in the glomerulus. The plasma is forced through these pores by hydrostatic pressure. The only things that determines if a molecule will pass through the pores of the glomerulus is it's molecular weight. The lower the molecular weight, the easier it will pass through the pores. Another determining factor will be if a molecule is bound to a large molecule. If this is true then passage through the pores will be hindered by the size of the larger molecule. Reabsorbtion of the many ions, minerals and other nutrients that escaped in the glomerular filtrate will need to be recovered.. Reabsorbtion begins in the tubules of the nephron. Anywhere from 65% to 90% of reabsorbtion occurs in these structures. Active reabsortion is used to recapture glucose, proteins, amino acids and other nutrients. Water and chloride ions are passively reabsorbed by the establishment of osmotic and electrochemical gradients. Both the Loop of Henley and collecting duct are used to establish these osmolar gradients. The tubule has a brush border that will absorb proteins and polypeptides through pinocytosis. These molecules are sometimes catabolised and converted into amino acids. and returned to the blood. Sometimes the accumulation of these proteins can lead to renal toxicity A second process that occurs in the tubules is tubular secretion. This is another mechanism used to excrete solutes. Secretion may be either passive or active. Secretions include organic bases, which occur in the pars recta of the proximal tubule. Secretions of weak bases and two weak acids occur passively. Other mechanisms involves the use of a mechanism that is called ion trapping. At a certain pH the compounds are more ionized. Outside of the tubule these compounds are non-ionized and are lipophilic. Thus they are able to diffuse across the membranes of the tubule. Once inside, the pH of the tubule will ionize them and render then unable to pass across the cell membranes. The removal of xenobiotics is dependant on many factors. First is the polarity of the xenobiotic. Polar compounds are soluble in the plasma water are more easily removed by the kidneys through the use of glomerular filtration. The faster the rate of glomerular filtration , the faster the polar xenobiotics are

Discussion of the Great Gatsby Setting

Setting is one of the important elements and crucial parts in any literary pieces. It tells much about the world where the characters exist in. Moreover, it is important because it is the basis for the readers to judge the believability of the novel (Morgan). The author added that the â€Å"the type of world†¦ will determine the reactions and behaviors of your characters. † The setting will also reflect the social mores of a particular culture.The setting is a very important tool in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby because it exposes the characters. Moreover, the setting emphasizes the character traits and themes which give meaning to the critical events. The novel has four settings. These are the West Egg, East Egg, New York City and the valley of ashes. Subsettings also exist within these major settings. East Egg is the more fashionable area of Long Island where the rich live. West Egg, on the other hand, is the less fashionable area of Long Island.The Valley of Ash es is a desolate wasteland while New York City is the place symbolizing America during the 1920s: anything goes in New York City. This is where affairs and parties are held These four major settings give the readers an idea about the values of the people who work or live there. For example, Nick ended up in West Egg because he did not have the money to purchase a house in East Egg. Gatsby is also in West Egg because his present credentials are not acceptable in East Egg.As a result, Nick left and Gatsby was ruined. The novel’s major settings correspond to a particular type of character or theme. For instance, West Egg is like Gatsby. It symbolizes the new rich and the aristocracy during the 1920s. East Egg is like the Buchanans, who enjoy high social status, are wealthy and powerful. The valley of ashes, on the other hand, is like George Wilson, desperate, without hope and reflects the American’s society’s moral decay. New York City is chaos, with its parties an d affairs.

buy custom Checklist in Management essay

buy custom Checklist in Management essay Effective management is the goal that any organization would like to achieve. It can be achieved through economic development and an increase in profit. Different authors have focused on the topic with the intention of identifying and exploiting different actions that can be taken to ensure that cooperating enterprises is successful. Atul Gawande is a successful surgeon and author who have not been left behind. He has written a book titled The Checklist. It is an important book that is concentrated at diverse basic issues that act as the foundation of effective management in companies, industries and all forms of investments. The paper focuses on the book The Checklist by Atul Gawande with the intention of evaluating the central lessons that the author is teaching. The paper will also define and discuss the learning outcomes, acquired from the book. It is also essential to gauge the power of Atuls book to the future managers. As indicated in the book, many professional individuals, high technological devices, and most expertise persons struggle to achieve the tasks that they are allocated (Atul 80). However, training for a long time and use of most advanced technology does not prevent the occurrence of errors. In the line of management, it is important to realize that prevention of error does not depend on the professionalism, technology or the mode of strategies that the concerned people have studied. The Checklist is a book that explains basic management skills that require the simplest and humblest techniques. The techniques are applicable in any field of specialty, any career and at any level. The use of a checklist requires individuals to use it to confirm the requirements and their obligations. As indicated in the book, the use of a checklist has enabled the prosperity of many high risk projects. Many people take management as a complicated issue that relies on theories, philosophies and certificate s. Nevertheless, Atul has simplified modrn management into a simple rule that is guided with discipline and simplicity. The Checklist is a book that has affected my personal views greatly. Before reading the book, I took management as a complicated career that requires high education, much commitment, clamming of theories and strategies just to mention a few. However, studying the book has changed my views of things and opinions. In the book, the author has used different examples to illustrate, how a number of successful individuals have acquired success through the use of simple and humble techniques. It has been a challenge to me seeing that simple discipline and humble applications can act as the most successful theory of business management (Atul 118). However, the book has motivated and encouraged me, since I have realized that the key factors that cause success in business management are derived from simple rules. The main lesson the author intends to teach his readers is the basic steps that an individual or business enterprise can take in order to be successful. He focuses on different issues but limits his idea on a checklist in every project. As seen in the examples, many people think that their fields are complicated and have tedious procedures that cannot be slimmed into a checklist. Nevertheless, most competent personnel make mistakes. A checklist is an important management tool that prevents individuals from making mistakes while in management procedures. The book has given me significant ideas in my life. One of the most essential is the utilization of a checklist during all my official businesses. As a student in management, I would like to become a successful manager who does not fail in management issues. The book has enabled me to discover that many people fail because of errors and mistakes (Atul 117). Fortunately, the author has equipped his readers with simple solutions to management issues that are based on humble ideas. The use of a checklist in my day-to-day activities enables me to get rid of errors, mistakes and omissions. As Atul indicated in his book, a single mistake that can be caused by forgetting or omitting a single step can cost life or a golden opportunity in business management. I have found it important to follow a checklist in all important issues, in life, to enable me to get used to the practice. As the saying goes, practice brings perfection. Practicing Atuls theory of checklists will enable me to maintain the practice and use it well in my business management career. The goal that I intend to pursue as a result of completing the project is to ensure that I become a successful business manager, who will make sure to use a checklist in all business projects. It is a challenging goal, since becoming a professional business manager requires commitment and studies, research and field exploration. Nevertheless, with determination and self-commitment, I will achieve the goal (Atul 93). Modern management requires different skills and practice theories. The skills and theories require humble time to ensure that an individual covers all the theories, and he is informed to ensure efficiency during practice. It is a hard goal to acquire but with the assistance of my teachers, hard work and commitment I will achieve the goal. Most of the management projects are challenging, tedious, and complicated. As a result, it is a challenging process to come up with a checklist for monitoring the projects. As indicated in The Checklist, management procedures have the st eps that follow one another in chronological order. Therefore, I will take my time to study the processes, programs, and procedures related to my field of specialty to ensure I will not have a hard time to prepare a checklist during my professional practice. Despite all the challenges, there are enough resources that I can utilize to ensure that I acquire competency in the field. The resources can be acquired from different books on business management and other sources, such as an online database. Buy custom Checklist in Management essay